europa.eu
HTTPS & TLS
100/100A+- HTTPS certificateAmazon10/10
HTTPS with a valid certificate from Amazon.
- Certificate expiry1564/4
The certificate is valid for another 156 days.
- TLS versionTLS 1.34/4
Negotiates TLS 1.3, the current protocol: faster handshakes, forward secrecy always.
- Old protocols3/3
Refuses the retired TLS 1.0 and 1.1.
- Key strengthRSA 20482/2
A strong key: RSA 2048.
- HTTP → HTTPS3073/3
http:// redirects straight to https://.
- HSTS1 year · preload4/4
HSTS tells browsers to use HTTPS only, for 1 year.
- HTTP/2 and HTTP/3HTTP/22/2
HTTP/2.
DNS
86/100A- CAA records0/2
No CAA records: any certificate authority may issue certificates for the domain.
- Name servers104/4
10 name servers for the domain.
- Name servers answer8/85/5
Every name server answers for the domain, with the same version of the zone.
- DNSSECRSASHA2563/3
Signed with DNSSEC: resolvers can tell forged answers from real ones.
- DMARC0/7
No DMARC policy: receivers deliver mail that fakes europa.eu as the sender.
Publish _dmarc.europa.eu TXT "v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:…", watch the reports, then move to p=reject.
- MTA-STS0/2
No MTA-STS: mail to the domain can be read in transit by stripping its encryption.
- TLS reporting0/0.5
No TLS reporting: failed encrypted deliveries go unnoticed.
- DKIM
No DKIM key at the common selectors; it may use one that cannot be guessed.
- SPF-all5/5
SPF lists the servers allowed to send its mail and rejects the rest (-all).
Web & network
50/100D- Content Security Policy0/3
No Content Security Policy: an injected script runs with the page's full rights.
- Referrer-Policy0/0.5
No Referrer-Policy of its own (browsers' default applies).
- Permissions-Policy0/0.5
No Permissions-Policy: embedded content may ask for camera, microphone or location.
- IPv60/4
european-union.europa.eu has no IPv6 address: IPv6-only networks reach it only through translation.
- X-Content-Type-Options2/2
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff stops browsers guessing file types.
- Framing2/2
Other sites cannot frame its pages (clickjacking protection).
- RPKIvalid4/4
The route to the website is RPKI-valid: networks can reject hijacked announcements of it.
Dependencies
100/100A+- DNS providerscw.net, Self-hosted5/5
DNS is served by 2 providers: one can fail without taking the domain offline.
- One company for everything5/5
The website, DNS and email do not all hang on one company.
Who runs it
- Website
- Amazon CloudFront
- DNS
- cw.netSelf-hosted
- Proofpoint
Routes
- 65.9.46.0/24AS16509RPKI valid
Name servers
- ans1.cw.netcw.netAS1273
- ans2.cw.netcw.netAS1273
- ns1bru.europa.euSelf-hostedAS42848
- ns1lux.europa.euSelf-hostedAS42848
- ns2bru.europa.euSelf-hostedAS42848
- ns2lux.europa.euSelf-hostedAS42848
- ns3bru.europa.euSelf-hostedAS42848
- ns3lux.europa.euSelf-hostedAS42848
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What is graded
A valid certificate (an invalid one means F), its expiry against its lifetime, TLS 1.3, no TLS 1.0/1.1 (else at most B), http:// sent straight to https://, HSTS, HTTP/2.
At least two name servers that all answer and agree, DNSSEC, CAA records, and a registration that is not about to expire.
SPF, a DMARC policy that rejects forgeries (none means at most B), MTA-STS and TLS reporting for domains that take mail, DKIM at common selectors.
Content Security Policy, nosniff, framing protection, Referrer- and Permissions-Policy, IPv6, and an RPKI-valid route (invalid means at most C).
DNS from more than one provider, and the website, DNS and email not all with one company.
A+ 95–100 · A 85–94 · B 75–84 · C 65–74 · D 50–64 · F below 50